Alistipes

Alistipes is a genus of anaerobic bacteria primarily found in the human gastrointestinal tract. It belongs to the family Rikenellaceae within the phylum Bacteroidetes. These bacteria are significant for their role in maintaining gut health and have been implicated in various studies focusing on the gut-brain axis, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. Alistipes species can influence the immune system and are noted for their ability to produce short-chain fatty acids, crucial for colon health and energy metabolism. ¹ Bhattacharyya, N., & Schmidt, T. M. (2018). Gastrointestinal microbiota in health and disease: From pathogenesis to therapy. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 15, 321-334. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-018-0003-4.

Roles of Alistipes species in human health

1. Gut Microbial Ecology and Metabolism: Alistipes significantly influences the gut microbial community’s diversity and stability. It participates in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and proteins, contributing to the fermentation processes that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate. SCFAs are crucial for colon health as they provide energy to colon cells, help maintain mucosal integrity, and modulate inflammation. The presence of Alistipes has been linked to a higher production of SCFAs, suggesting a beneficial role in the metabolic health of the host ²Rajilić-Stojanović, M., & de Vos, W. M. (2014). The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 38(5), 996-1047. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6976.12075.
2. Immune System Modulation: Alistipes also plays a role in modulating the immune system. It has been shown to influence the development and function of the immune cells in the gut. Some studies suggest that Alistipes can stimulate the production of regulatory T cells, which play a critical role in suppressing inflammatory responses and maintaining immune tolerance. This modulation is vital for preventing inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other autoimmune conditions.³Jeffery, I. B., O’Toole, P. W., Öhman, L., Claesson, M. J., Deane, J., Quigley, E. M., & Simrén, M. (2016). An irritable bowel syndrome subtype defined by species-specific alterations in faecal microbiota. Gut, 61(7), 997-1006. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301501.
3. Influence on Behavior and Mental Health: Emerging research indicates that Alistipes might impact the gut-brain axis, which could influence behavior and mental health. Some studies have found correlations between the abundance of Alistipes and the presence of neuropsychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety. The mechanisms likely involve the production of metabolic byproducts that can affect brain function and neuroinflammation.⁴Zheng, P., Zeng, B., Zhou, C., Liu, M., Fang, Z., Xu, X., Zeng, L., Chen, J., Fan, S., & Du, X. (2020). Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host’s metabolism. Molecular Psychiatry, 25, 1235-1249. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-016-0002-x.
4. Obesity and Metabolic Disorders: Alistipes has been implicated in obesity and metabolic disorders. It appears that variations in the levels of Alistipes can influence the efficiency of energy harvest from the diet and fat storage. Some studies have shown that obese individuals have different levels of Alistipes compared to non-obese individuals, suggesting a potential role in modulating fat deposition and energy metabolism.⁵Dao, M. C., Everard, A., Aron-Wisnewsky, J., Sokolovska, N., Prifti, E., Verger, E. O., Kayser, B. D., Levenez, F., Chilloux, J., Hoyles, L., & Dumas, M. E. (2016). Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: Relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology. Gut, 65(3), 426-436. https.

Best sources of Alistipes

Alistipes is naturally present in the human gut microbiota and does not typically come from external dietary sources. The best way to support the growth and abundance of Alistipes in the gut is through a balanced diet rich in diverse fibers and prebiotics. Foods rich in complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits, can foster a healthy gut environment, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria like Alistipes. Ensuring a diverse microbiota through a high-fiber diet can indirectly support the proliferation of Alistipes by maintaining overall gut health and stability.⁶Conlon, M. A., & Bird, A. R. (2015). The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health. Nutrients, 7(1), 17-44. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7010017.

What foods can Alistipes feed on?

Alistipes thrives on a diet rich in various fibres and complex carbohydrates. Foods that particularly support its growth include resistant starches, whole grains, legumes, and root vegetables. These foods offer non-digestible carbohydrates that ferment in the colon, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which serve as nutrients for Alistipes. A diet varied in fibrous foods ensures a robust microbial diversity which supports the proliferation of beneficial bacteria like Alistipes. Additionally, prebiotic foods such as garlic, onions, and bananas can promote its abundance by providing the specific fibers that fuel its growth.⁷Scott, K. P., Gratz, S. W., Sheridan, P. O., Flint, H. J., & Duncan, S. H. (2013). The influence of diet on the gut microbiota. Pharmacological Research, 69(1), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.020.

Where to find Alistipes in the Chuckling Goat Gut Microbiome Test

You will find your Alistipes score in the “Proprionate” section of the “Postbiotics” report in your Chuckling Goat Gut Microbiome Test results.

Synonyms: Alistipes species don’t have any well-recognised synonyms, but they are often categorised alongside other genera within the family Rikenellaceae of the order Bacteroidales. Within this family, it shares similarities in ecological function and phylogenetic characteristics with other genera such as:

1. Rikenella – This is another key genus within the Rikenellaceae family. Similar to Alistipes, Rikenella species are anaerobic and inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals, including humans.
2. Odoribacter – Also part of the Bacteroidales order, Odoribacter is closely related and shares some functional characteristics with Alistipes, such as the production of short-chain fatty acids and involvement in gut health.

Important disclaimer

The Chuckling Goat Gut Microbiome Handbook is an educational resource built to translate complex science into plain English. The information provided on this page is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your GP or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Always check with your GP for interactions with medications/health conditions before changing your diet or starting to take food supplements.

References

• 1
  Bhattacharyya, N., & Schmidt, T. M. (2018). Gastrointestinal microbiota in health and disease: From pathogenesis to therapy. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 15, 321-334. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-018-0003-4.
• 2
  Rajilić-Stojanović, M., & de Vos, W. M. (2014). The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 38(5), 996-1047. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6976.12075.
• 3
  Jeffery, I. B., O’Toole, P. W., Öhman, L., Claesson, M. J., Deane, J., Quigley, E. M., & Simrén, M. (2016). An irritable bowel syndrome subtype defined by species-specific alterations in faecal microbiota. Gut, 61(7), 997-1006. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301501.
• 4
  Zheng, P., Zeng, B., Zhou, C., Liu, M., Fang, Z., Xu, X., Zeng, L., Chen, J., Fan, S., & Du, X. (2020). Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive-like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host’s metabolism. Molecular Psychiatry, 25, 1235-1249. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-016-0002-x.
• 5
  Dao, M. C., Everard, A., Aron-Wisnewsky, J., Sokolovska, N., Prifti, E., Verger, E. O., Kayser, B. D., Levenez, F., Chilloux, J., Hoyles, L., & Dumas, M. E. (2016). Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: Relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology. Gut, 65(3), 426-436. https.
• 6
  Conlon, M. A., & Bird, A. R. (2015). The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health. Nutrients, 7(1), 17-44. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7010017.
• 7
  Scott, K. P., Gratz, S. W., Sheridan, P. O., Flint, H. J., & Duncan, S. H. (2013). The influence of diet on the gut microbiota. Pharmacological Research, 69(1), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.020.

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